We will discuss Euclidean domains together with a constructive proof of the fact that every two elements have a greatest common divisor, which is essentially the Euclidean algorithm.
Posts for 2009.
Following a suggestion by A. Maevskiy, we show how the Hasse derivative can be extended to partial Hasse derivative in arbitrary multivariate polynomial rings. We show multivariate versions of Taylor's Formula, of the Identity Theorem, and of the Generalized Leibnitz Rule.
We discuss the notion of representable functors in Category Theory. Then, we present Yoneda's lemma and apply it to the situation of group objects in categories and their relation to functors into the category of groups, resulting in a surprising result that these two concepts are essentially the same. Most proofs are included, as well as lots of commutative diagrams.
In Linear Algebra, one often has the problem that one wants to talk about complex eigenvalues of objects defined over the reals. If the object is a matrix, it is clear what that means. But what if the object is an endomorphism of a non-canonical real vectorspace? This question is strongly related an important use of tensor products, namely base changes.
We explain the aims of functional calculus and specialize to polynomials evaluated at endomorphisms. We reconsider the Jordan decomposition and prove it with more generality. Then, we discuss Taylor expansion in the nilpotent part for endomorphisms with separable minimal polynomials, and prove Cayley-Hamilton again for arbitrary fields.
In real and complex analysis, the Taylor series expansion is a very important tool. For polynomials over arbitrary unitary rings, it is possible to define a derivative which behaves similar to the usual derivative; unfortunately, the Identity Theorem and Taylor's formula do not transfer to this new situation. Fortunately, there exists a different definition of derivatives for these cases, namely the Hasse derivative. Not only does it gives a Identity Theorem and Taylor's formula back, but also allows to write other identities in a simpler way.
We show how to obtain n-dimensional infrastructures from global fields of unit rank n. We will also discuss how to obtain baby steps in these cases, and show graphical representations of certain two-dimensional infrastructures obtained from function fields.
We explain a general technique to obtain a reduction map, given X and d and, varying with the method of construction, additional information for every x in X. Moreover, we explain a technique on how to obtain n-dimensional infrastructures from certain lattices in (n+1)-dimensional space.
We will introduce n-dimensional infrastructures and briefly discuss reductions, f-representations and giant steps. We will also discuss how infrastructures can be obtained from finite abelian groups.
We introduce the notion of f-representations and relate them to reduction maps. Moreover, we equip a set of f-representations with a group operation which can be computed purely with baby steps, giant steps and relative distances.
We give the definition of one-dimensional infrastructures and construct baby and giant steps. Moreover, we show that one-dimensional infrastructures generalize finite cyclic groups. Finally, we give some remarks on our choice of the giant step definition.
We discuss the discrete logarithm problem, its use in cryptography, and two possible directions of generalization to other algebraic structures.
We show some kind of universal property for the Jordan decomposition of an endomorphism of a finite dimensional vector space.
We want to give a proof of the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem for all commutative rings with unity, which first reduces to the case of the field of complex numbers and then applies a topological argument.
We want to give a proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra using methods from Complex Analysis, in particular Liouville's Theorem.